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Study on the operation mode of the bottom orifices for the discharge
of flood and sediments in a gravity dam project

1 2 2，3 2，3 2 1
WANG Jing ，SUN Shuangke ，WANG Xing ，MENG Xi ，LIU Haitao ，QIAO Mingqiu
（1. PowerChina Beijing Engineering Corporation LTD，Beijing 100024，China；
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China；
3. Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan 232001，China）

Abstract： The structures to discharge flood and sediments for a gravity dam with the maximum height of
67 m consist of 4 overflow surface outlets and 2 bottom orifices，in which hydraulic jump is used for ener⁃
gy dissipation. Due to the prominent problem caused by sediments in the reservoir，the priority operation to
discharge flood and sediments is proposed by using the bottom orifices in the design. It is found that the
energy dissipation in the stilling basin for the small and medium flood by fully opening the bottom orifices
is insufficient due to low Fr in the pool as well as the low downstream water level in the full-scale physi⁃
cal model tests. This also results in serious scouring for the downstream river bed apron. Hence，the opera⁃
tion mode for the discharge structures is adjusted in such a way that the bottom orifices are half opened
and surface outlet overflow is adopted. Further measurements in the full-scale physical model indicate that
the energy dissipation in the stilling basin is significantly improved and the scouring to the downstream riv⁃
er bed is eliminated， which suggests that the adjusted operation model can be applied to discharging the
flood and sediments in the project. This study of the operation mode for the discharge structures can pro⁃
vide a reference for similar projects.
Keywords：bottom outlet for flood discharge and sediment discharge；stilling basin；hydraulic design；oper⁃
ation mode；downstream scouring

（责任编辑：祁 伟）

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