| 李维朝,鲁欣,王建军,温彦锋,台泽雯,谢定松.我国贮灰场发展形势与安全问题探讨[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2025,23(4):329-344 |
| 我国贮灰场发展形势与安全问题探讨 |
| Development situation and safety issues in China’s coal ash storage facilities |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-27 |
| DOI：10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.20240167 |
| 中文关键词: 贮灰场 封场 再利用 极端降雨 灰坝 |
| 英文关键词:Coal ash storage facility closure reuse extreme rainfall fly ash dam |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 粉煤灰是我国工业固体废弃物的最大单一污染源，未能综合利用的数量可观的粉煤灰多采取筑坝形成贮灰场加以贮放。贮灰场长期运行中与封场后的安全环保是其全生命周期内面临的关键问题，贮灰场事故不仅会直接导致重大的人员伤亡或财产损失，还会引发链式环境污染，造成严重的次生灾害。本文在搜集整理我国大量贮灰场实际资料的基础上，对我国贮灰场当前发展形势与安全问题进行了探讨。现阶段，在我国粉煤灰贮存总量大幅增长的同时，贮灰场贮灰方式已从湿式为主过渡为干式为主，涌现出模袋坝、石膏坝等新型贮灰方式，上百米高的灰坝不断出现，部分贮灰场周边城镇化与工业化高速发展，由荒郊步入城市，甚至成为“头顶库”，贮灰场日常运行中不仅易遭降雨等极端气候的冲击，还会受到粉煤灰回采、基础设施建设、采矿、爆破等人为活动影响与灰场周边山体滑坡等自然因素影响，在多年运行和封场后还面临排水排洪设施老化等问题。这些新形势不仅会对贮灰场安全产生直接影响，还会对贮灰场溃决风险起到交织放大作用。建议今后贮灰场设计、建设、运行、封场、再利用的全过程中，要全面考虑贮灰场的潜在致灾因素，在科学论证分析的基础上有效化解风险，提升新形势下贮灰场的韧性和安全水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fly ash is the largest single source of industrial solid waste pollution in China.A considerable amount of unused fly ash is often stored in coal ash storage facilities by constructing dams.The long-term safety and environmental protection of these storage facilities are critical issues throughout their lifetime.Ash storage accidents can not only directly cause significant casualties or property damage，but also lead to environmental pollution，that would cause serious secondary disasters.Based on the collection and compilation of a large amount of actual data and references on coal ash storage facilities，this article delves into the development situation and safety concerns faced by coal ash storage facilities in China.Currently，in China，with the increasing of total amount of stored fly ash，the predominant kind of storage facilities has transitioned from wet to dry.New types of ash dams，such as ash dams formed by multi-layered stacked geotextile tubes or by desulfurization gypsum，have emerged.Ash dams over a hundred meters high have been constructed，and location of some storage facilities have been transitioned from rural to urban environments，even becoming overhead storage facilities.During operation，the storage facilities are not only susceptible to extreme weather events such as rainfall，but also influenced by human activities such as fly ash reclamation，infrastructure construction，mining，blasting，as well as natural factors such as landslides.In addition，after years of operation or closure，the storage facilities also face aging issues.These new developments not only directly impact the safety of the ash storage facilities，but also act to amplify and intertwine the risks of dam failure.It is recommended that in the future，the entire process of designing，constructing，operating，closing，and reusing ash storage facilities should fully consider the potential disaster-triggering factors and effectively mitigate risks based on scientific analysis，thereby enhancing the resilience and safety level of coal ash storage facilities in the future. |
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