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| 基于拉结法测定土压力的模型试验研究 |
| Model test research on earth pressure based on pull-knot method |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-10 修订日期：2025-08-01 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 拉结法土压力测试 静止土压力 主动土压力 平移模式 绕墙底转动模式 |
| 英文关键词:Tie-back method earth pressure test At-rest earth pressure Active earth pressure Translational mode Rotational mode about wall base |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文采用了一种基于拉结法测试土压力的新型方法，在模型试验研究中提出并验证一种可靠、易行且适应性强的土压力测试方法，以解决传统土压力盒在复杂工况下精度低、响应迟缓的问题，准确的实测结果为土压力计算、基坑支护、挡土墙等结构的设计与稳定性分析提供准确的计算依据。试验通过挡墙在两种典型工况（平移模式和绕墙底转动模式）下，采用拉结钢筋应力计，通过实测应力变化来换算土压力。试验采用内置可平移和绕底转动的活动刚性挡板的透明试验箱，挡板内土体为筛分后的砂性土。通过安装在挡板上高精度拉结钢筋应力计和位移计等量测设备，进行土压力测试。填砂分层进行，通过静态应力测试采集系统实时记录不同填土高度应变及应力变化，将实测换算的土压力变化与理论土压力计算结果比较。试验结果显示，静止土压力随深度线性增大，试验实测静止土压力与主动土压力平均比理论计算值小20%，土压力的变化趋势与理论计算值具有较好的吻合性。本方法利用钢筋应力计优良的灵敏性和抗干扰能力，有效实现了复杂工况下土压力的动态监测，具有较高的准确性和稳定性。该方法为复杂工况下土压力的精确测试及结构设计优化提供了有效支持，具有良好的应用潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the tie-back method, this study develops a novel earth pressure measurement technique for model tests, providing a reliable, practical, and adaptable solution to address the low accuracy and slow response of conventional earth pressure cells in complex conditions. Accurate measurements support structural design and stability analysis for excavations and retaining walls.Experiments employed a transparent chamber with a rigid, movable baffle capable of translation and base rotation, filled with graded sand. High-precision tie-back rebar stress gauges and displacement meters measured stresses during two typical wall movements. Strain and stress changes during layered sand filling were monitored via a static stress acquisition system. Earth pressures converted from measurements were compared with theoretical values.Results show linearly increasing at-rest earth pressure with depth. Measured at-rest and active earth pressures averaged 20% lower than theoretical values but exhibited consistent trends. Leveraging the sensitivity and anti-interference capability of rebar stress gauges, this method enables accurate dynamic monitoring in complex scenarios with high stability. It demonstrates significant potential for optimizing geotechnical designs under challenging conditions. |
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