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| 基于EFDC的调水工程退水区沉积物冲刷模拟研究 |
| Numerical Simulation for Deposition Flushing in the Withdrawal Area of Water Diversion Projects Based on EFDC |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-25 修订日期：2025-05-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 南水北调中线工程 藻-泥沉积物 退水闸 闸门调度 EFDC |
| 英文关键词:South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project algal-silt deposits drainage sluice sluice gate operation EFDC |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3200904） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 南水北调中线工程退水闸前区域因水流缓慢易形成藻-泥沉积，威胁输水安全与水质稳定。本研究基于环境流体动力学模型（EFDC），构建二维水沙耦合模型，模拟不同闸门开度（0~300 mm）对水动力特征及藻-泥清除效率的影响。通过实测数据验证模型精度（平均相对误差17.17%），分析8种开度情景下的流速分布与沉积物冲刷过程。结果表明：闸门关闭时形成的低流速涡旋是沉积主因；小开度（≤130 mm）仅局部改善流场，藻-泥清除率低（≤15.9%）；大开度（≥180 mm）显著改变整体流场，平均流速提升至0.532~0.875 m/s，三日累积清除率可达58.71%~94.88%，其中300 mm开度清除效率最优（50%清除率仅需退水7.06万m3）。本研究为长距离调水工程沉积物治理提供了可量化的水力调控方法，提出的闸门动态优化方案将在后续的研究中进一步验证。建议未来研究以多开度交叉及局部增设导流措施等方式进一步强化退水清淤效率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The algae-sediment deposition in front of drainage sluices of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, caused by sluggish flow, threatens the water conveyance safety and water quality stability. This study developed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic-sediment coupled model using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) to investigate the effects of gate-opening (0–300 mm) on flow and algae-sediment removal. Flow-validated model (mean relative error: 17.17%) simulated eight operation scenarios. Key findings are: (1) Low-velocity vortices (<0.3 m/s) under closed gates drive sedimentation; (2) Limited openings (≤130 mm) induce localized flow modification with ≤15.9% removal; (3) Critical threshold occurs at 130 mm opening, triggering flow pattern transition from local to global restructuring; (4) Openings ≥180 mm elevate average velocity to 0.532–0.875 m/s, achieving 58.71–94.88% three-day removal. The 300 mm opening demonstrated peak efficiency, requiring only 70,600 m3 drainage for 50% deposition clearance. The proposed short-duration high-opening strategy (e.g., 300 mm for 2 hours) balances removal efficiency with ecological constraints, providing feasible solutions for deposition management in large-scale water diversion systems. The strategy will undergo further validation in subsequent research. |
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