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| 基于水文水动力耦合模型的小流域暴雨山洪数值模拟研究——以北京市门头沟为例 |
| Numerical Simulation of Rainstorm Flash Floods in Small Watersheds Based on Coupled Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Model : A Case Study of Mentougou, Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-04 修订日期：2024-11-23 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: “23.7”特大洪水 小流域暴雨山洪 SCS-CN 二维水动力学模型 GPU并行 |
| 英文关键词:“23.7” catastrophic flood sub-catchment flash floods SCS-CN 2D hydrodynamic modelling GPU parallelism |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划专项（2021YFB3901203）；应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项（项目编号：2023-JBKY-58）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3209202，2023YFC3010704）；中国水利水电科学研究院十四五“五大人才”计划(JZ0199A032021)；光合基金A类（ghfund202407012809） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，气候变化背景下极端暴雨事件造成的洪涝灾害频发，山区洪水和城市洪涝已成为制约经济社会发展的重要因素。2023年7月29日至8月1日，京津冀地区出现极端强降雨天气，引发严重的洪涝灾害并造成重大人员伤亡。水文水动力数值模型在洪涝灾害预警与灾后复盘中发挥着重要作用，能够为精准防灾提供丰富的要素信息，结合利用GPU并行计算加速技术，可进一步提升数值模拟的精细化程度与计算效率。为了提升暴雨山洪数值模拟的精度与性能，将基于径流曲线数方法的水文产流计算模块(SCS-CN)与基于GPU加速的二维水动力汇流计算模块（SWE2D）相耦合，构建了水文水动力耦合模型（CN-SWE2D）。将CN-SWE2D模型应用于“23·7”北京市门头沟小流域暴雨山洪数值模拟，模拟结果显示，灾害淹没面积达1.31km2，占流域面积的6.25%，洪泛区沿河岸分布，淹没水深大于2m的严重淹没面积约为0.02km2。本次洪灾径流系数0.69，出口流量峰值404m3/s，超过50年一遇设计洪水标准。计算结果与观测数据的进一步比对表明，门头沟小流域遭遇了严重的洪水灾害。提出的模型实现了从降雨产流到洪水淹没的全过程高性能精细化数值模拟，模拟结果提供了丰富的水力要素信息，模拟结果不仅能够有效反映实际的洪水过程，还能为防洪减灾工作提供有力的技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, floods caused by extremely heavy rainfall events in the context of climate change have occurred frequently, and mountain and urban flooding have become an important factor restricting economic and social development in 2023, from 29th July to 1st August, extremely heavy rainfall occurred in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which triggered severe flooding and caused major casualties. Hydrological and hydrodynamic numerical models play an important role in flood disaster early warning and post-disaster review and can provide rich elemental information for accurate disaster prevention, combined with the use of GPU parallel computing acceleration technology, which can further enhance the degree of refinement of the numerical simulation and computational efficiency. To improve the accuracy and performance of numerical simulation of heavy rainfall and flash floods, a hydrological and hydrodynamic coupled model (CN-SWE2D) is constructed by coupling the hydrological flow calculation module based on the runoff curve number method (SCS-CN) with the two-dimensional hydrodynamic flow concentration calculation module based on GPU acceleration (SWE2D). The CN-SWE2D model was applied to the numerical simulation of flash floods in the Mentougou sub-basin of Beijing on “23·7”, and the simulation results showed that the inundated area of the disaster reached 1.31 km2, accounting for 6.25% of the watershed area, and the floodplain was distributed along the riverbanks, and the severely inundated area with the inundation depth of water greater than 2 m was about 0.02 km2. The runoff coefficient of this flood was 0.69, and the peak outlet flow was 404m3/s, which exceeded the design flood standard of once in 50 years. Further comparison of the calculation results with the observed data shows that the Mentougou sub-watershed suffered a severe flood disaster. The proposed model achieves high-performance refined numerical simulation of the whole process from runoff production to flood inundation, and the simulation results provide rich information on hydraulic elements, and the simulation results not only can effectively reflect the actual flood process but also provide strong technical support for flood prevention and disaster reduction. |
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